ARMs: how adjustable rates actually adjust
An adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) opens with a fixed period — often 5, 7, or 10 years — then the rate adjusts on a set schedule, tied to a published index plus a fixed margin.
Read the numbers literally: a "5/6 ARM" is fixed for five years, then adjusts every six months. Caps limit how far the rate can move at each adjustment and over the life of the loan — always check them before you sign.
The draw is a lower intro rate than a comparable fixed loan. The risk is that your payment can rise sharply once the fixed period ends. ARMs fit best when you reasonably expect to sell or refinance before that first adjustment.
Source: CFPB consumer guidance on adjustable-rate mortgages (Consumer Handbook on Adjustable-Rate Mortgages, "CHARM").
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